Técnica PISA: nueva técnica mínimamente invasiva de acceso único para la linfadenectomía pélvica e inguinal en el cáncer de pene / Pelvic and inguinal single-site approach: PISA technique. New minimally invasive technique for lymph node dissection in penile cancer

Objetivos Describir nuestra experiencia inicial con un novedoso abordaje laparoscópico inguinal y pélvico de acceso único mínimamente invasivo para realizar la disección de los ganglios linfáticos (DGL) en el cáncer de pene: la técnica de acceso único pélvico e inguinal (PISA, por las siglas en inglés de Pelvic and Inguinal Single Access).Material y métodos 10 pacientes en diversos estadios de carcinoma de células escamosas de pene (cN0 y ≥ pT1G3 o cN1/cN2) fueron operados mediante la técnica PISA entre 2015-2018. Se realizaron secciones congeladas intraoperatorias de forma rutinaria y se llevó a cabo secuencialmente la DGL pélvica ipsilateral como procedimiento en un solo acto y utilizando las mismas incisiones quirúrgicas ante la detección de ≥ 2 ganglios inguinales(pN2) o extensión ganglionar extracapsular (pN3). Variables: complicaciones posquirúrgicas a 30 días, pérdida de sangre estimada (PSE), tasa de transfusión, tiempo quirúrgico, tiempo hasta la retirada del drenaje y duración de la estancia hospitalaria (DEH). Las medianas y los rangos de los valores de las variables seleccionadas se presentaron como estadísticas descriptivas.Resultados La DGL inguinal fue bilateral en todos los casos y la DGL pélvica fue necesaria en el 40%. El tiempo quirúrgico total fue de 120-170 minutos y la mediana de PSE fue de 66 (30-100) cc. En ningún caso se requirió transfusión sanguínea. No se observaron complicaciones intraoperatorias y la tasa de complicaciones postoperatorias fue del 40% (10% de complicaciones mayores: linfocele inguinal sintomático). La mediana de la estancia hospitalaria fue de 5,8 (3-10) días. La mediana de tiempo hasta la retirada del drenaje inguinal fue de 4,7 días. Número medio de ganglios linfáticos extirpados mediante DGL inguinal: 10,25(8-14). Experiencia retrospectiva de volumen limitado de un centro de referencia con un seguimiento corto.

Objectives To describe our initial experience with a new minimally invasive inguinal and pelvic single-access laparoscopic approach, for performing lymph node dissection (LND) in penile cancer: the Pelvic and Inguinal Single Access (PISA) technique.Material and Methods 10 patients with different penile squamous cell carcinoma stages (cN0 and ≥pT1G3 or cN1/cN2) were operated by means of the PISA technique, between 2015-2018. Intraoperative frozen section analysis was carried out routinely and if ≥2 inguinal nodes (pN2) or extracapsular nodal extension (pN3) are detected, ipsilateral pelvic LND was performed sequentially as a single-stage procedure and using the same surgical incisions. Variables: 30-day postoperative complicactions, estimated blood loss (EBL), transfusion rate, operative time, time to drainage removal, and length of hospital stay (LOS). Medians and ranges of values for selected variables were reported as descriptive statistics.ResultsInguinal LND was bilateral in all cases, and pelvic LND was required in 40%. Total operative time was 120-170minutes and median EBL was 66 (30-100) cc. No blood transfusion was required. No intraoperative complications were noted, and postoperative complications rate was 40% (10% major complications- symptomatic inguinal lymphocele). Median LOS was 5.8 (3-10) days. Median time to inguinal drain removal was 4.7 days. Mean number of lymph nodes removed by inguinal LND: 10.25(8-14). Limited volume retrospective experience from a referral center with short follow-up. Outcomes reported may not be reproducible by surgeons with less experience and skills.Conclusions PISA is a novel, minimally invasive single-site surgical approach to one stage bilateral inguinal/pelvic LNDs for penile cancer showing a low rate of major complications

Pelvic and inguinal single-site approach: PISA technique. New minimally invasive technique for lymph node dissection in penile cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To describe our initial experience with a new minimally invasive inguinal and pelvic single-access laparoscopic approach, for performing lymph node dissection (LND) in penile cancer: the Pelvic and Inguinal Single Access (PISA) technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 10 patients with different penile squamous cell carcinoma stages (cN0 and ≥pT1G3 or cN1/cN2) were operated by means of the PISA technique, between 2015-2018. Intraoperative frozen section analysis was carried out routinely and if ≥2 inguinal nodes (pN2) or extracapsular nodal extension (pN3) are detected, ipsilateral pelvic LND was performed sequentially as a single-stage procedure and using the same surgical incisions. VARIABLES: 30-day PCs, estimated blood loss (EBL), transfusion rate, operative time, time to drainage removal, and length of hospital stay (LOS). Medians and ranges of values for selected variables were reported as descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Inguinal LND was bilateral in all cases, and pelvic LND was required in 40%. Total operative time was 120-170 min and median EBL was 66 (30-100) cc. No blood transfusion was required. No intraoperative complications were noted, and postoperative complications rate was 40% (10% major complications-symptomatic inguinal lymphocele). Median LOS was 5.8 (3-10) days. Median time to inguinal drain removal was 4.7 days. Mean number of lymph nodes removed by inguinal LND: 10.25 (8-14). Limited volume retrospective experience from a referral center with short follow-up. Outcomes reported may not be reproducible by surgeons with less experience and skills. CONCLUSIONS: PISA is a novel, minimally invasive single-site surgical approach to one stage bilateral inguinal/pelvic LNDs for penile cancer showing a low rate of major complications.

Influencia del acceso laparoscópico en la mortalidad cáncer-específica de los pacientes con cáncer de vejiga en un estadio pTa-2pN0R0 tratados con cistectomía radical / Influence of laparoscopic access in cancer-specific mortality of patients with pTa-2pN0R0 bladder cancer treated with radical cistectomy

Introducción y objetivo: La cirugía mínimamente invasiva representa un abordaje quirúrgico atractivo en la cistectomía radical. Sin embargo, a la espera de estudios definitivos todavía es controvertido el efecto que pudiera tener en los resultados oncológicos. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto del abordaje laparoscópico sobre la mortalidad cáncer-específica. Material y método: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de dos grupos de pacientes en estadio pT0-2pN0R0 sometidos a cistectomía radical abierta (CRA) (n = 191) y laparoscópica (CRL) (n = 74). Se realizó un análisis mediante regresión de Cox para identificar primero las variables predictoras y posteriormente las variables predictoras independientes relacionadas con la supervivencia. Resultados: El 90,9% fueron varones; la mediana de edad fue de 65 años y la mediana de seguimiento, de 65,5 (IQR 27,75-122) meses. Los pacientes con acceso laparoscópico presentaron de forma significativa un mayor índice ASA (p = 0,0001), un mayor tiempo entre la resección transuretral (RTU) y la cistectomía (p = 0,04), una menor tasa de transfusión intraoperatoria (p = 0,0001), un menor estadio pT (p = 0,002) y una menor incidencia de infección asociada a herida quirúrgica (p = 0,04). Al analizar los distintos factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad cáncer-específica, solo encontramos el abordaje mediante CRA frente a CRL como factor predictor independiente de mortalidad cáncer-específica (p = 0,007). El acceso abierto a la cistectomía multiplicó el riesgo de mortalidad por 3,27. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, cuando limitamos los distintos factores identificados asociados a mortalidad cáncer-específica analizando pacientes pT0-2N0R0, el abordaje laparoscópico no representa un factor de riesgo frente al abordaje abierto

Introduction and objective: Minimally invasive surgery represents an attractive surgical approach in radical cystectomy. However, its effect on the oncological results is still controversial due to the lack of definite analyses. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the laparoscopic approach on cancer-specific mortality. Material and method: A retrospective cohort study of two groups of patients in a pT0-2pN0R0 stage, undergoing open radical cystectomy (ORC) (n = 191) and laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) (n = 74). Using Cox regression, an analysis has been carried out to identify the predictor variables in the first place, and consequently, the independent predictor variables related to survival. Results: 90.9% were males with a median age of 65 years and a median follow-up period of 65.5 (IQR27.75-122) months. Patients with laparoscopic access presented a significantly higher ASA index (P = .0001), a longer time between TUR and cystectomy (P = .04), a lower rate of intraoperative transfusion (P = .0001), a lower pT stage (P = .002) and a lower incidence of infection associated with surgical wounds (P = .04). When analyzing the different risk factors associated with cancer-specific mortality, we only found the ORC approach (versus LRC) as an independent predictor of cancer-specific mortality (P = .007). Open approach to cystectomy multiplied the risk of mortality by 3.27. Conclusions: In our series, the laparoscopic approach does not represent a risk factor compared to the open approach in pT0-2N0R0 patients

Influence of laparoscopic access in cancer-specific mortality of patients with pTa-2pN0R0 bladder cancer treated with radical cistectomy. / Influencia del acceso laparoscópico en la mortalidad cáncer-específica de los pacientes con cáncer de vejiga en un estadio pTa-2pN0R0 tratados con cistectomía radical.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive surgery represents an attractive surgical approach in radical cystectomy. However, its effect on the oncological results is still controversial due to the lack of definite analyses. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the laparoscopic approach on cancer-specific mortality. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective cohort study of two groups of patients in a pT0-2pN0R0 stage, undergoing open radical cystectomy (ORC) (n=191) and laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) (n=74). Using Cox regression, an analysis has been carried out to identify the predictor variables in the first place, and consequently, the independent predictor variables related to survival. RESULTS: 90.9% were males with a median age of 65years and a median follow-up period of 65.5 (IQR27.75-122) months. Patients with laparoscopic access presented a significantly higher ASA index (P=.0001), a longer time between TUR and cystectomy (P=.04), a lower rate of intraoperative transfusion (P=.0001), a lower pT stage (P=.002) and a lower incidence of infection associated with surgical wounds (P=.04). When analyzing the different risk factors associated with cancer-specific mortality, we only found the ORC approach (versus LRC) as an independent predictor of cancer-specific mortality (P=.007). Open approach to cystectomy multiplied the risk of mortality by 3.27. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, the laparoscopic approach does not represent a risk factor compared to the open approach in pT0-2N0R0 patients.

Nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica previa embolización supraselectiva como tratamiento de angiomiolipomas renales gigantes / Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with prior superselective embolisation as treatment for giant renal angiomyolipoma

Objetivo: Los casos de angiomiolipoma renal gigante (> 9 cm) son un reto terapéutico por su baja frecuencia y su tamaño. El objetivo del tratamiento de los pacientes con angiomiolipoma renal debe ser la extirpación completa del tumor, con una técnica quirúrgica conservadora de nefronas, sin complicaciones y mediante un abordaje mínimamente invasivo. Material y métodos: Presentamos 3 casos de angiomiolipoma gigante (14, 12 y 10 cm) tratados mediante abordaje combinado: embolización supraselectiva y posterior nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica, en 3 hospitales diferentes. Resultados: Ningún caso precisó reconversión a cirugía abierta, en uno de los 3 pacientes se realizó clampaje arterial y ninguno experimentó complicaciones. Conclusiones: El abordaje combinado permite una cirugía con criterios de mínima invasión, conservadora de nefronas, con escaso sangrado y disminución del tiempo de isquemia caliente

Objective: Cases of giant renal angiomyolipoma (> 9 cm) are a therapeutic challenge due to their low frequency and large size. The treatment objective for patients with renal angiomyolipoma should be complete tumour extirpation, with a nephron-sparing surgical technique, without complications and using a minimally invasive approach. Material and methods: We present 3 cases of giant angiomyolipoma (10 12 and 14 cm) treated with a combined approach: superselective embolisation and subsequent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, in 3 separate hospitals. Results: None of the cases required conversion to open surgery. One of the 3 patients underwent arterial clamping, and none of the patients had complications. Conclusions: The combined approach provides a procedure with the criteria of minimal invasiveness, nephron sparing, little bleeding and reduced warm ischaemia time

Grafts for Peyronie's disease: a comprehensive review.

The difficulty implicit in combining all the characteristics that an ideal patch to treat Peyronie's disease with a lengthening procedure should have, together with the challenges of comparing results from different series, means that the ideal patch has yet to be determined. Our objective with this review was to determine whether any given patch type is preferable to the others based on the evaluation of the results of published studies. A systematic search of the literature was conducted from PubMed until December 2016. Articles reporting basic research, animal research, reviews or meta-analyses and studies in children were eliminated. Series with patients undergoing some kind of other surgical intervention were only included if results were reported separately. Case reports and series of five patients were excluded. Five variables were selected to evaluate the results: number of patients, follow-up period, straightening rate, shortening rate and post-operative ED rate. For this purpose, 69 papers were included for review, and the outcomes of the use of autologous dermis, tunica vaginalis, dura mater, fascia, saphenous vein, tunica albuginea, buccal mucosa, porcine intestinal submucosa, pericardium, TachoSil® and synthetic materials were presented and analysed separately. The different series published are extremely variable and heterogeneous in terms of the number of patients included, patient selection, follow-up periods, and in the measurement and interpretation of the outcomes analysed. Given these facts, it is not possible to draw any definitive conclusion, homogeneous, prospective studies using validated tools are required to determine which the ideal graft is.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with prior superselective embolisation as treatment for giant renal angiomyolipoma. / Nefrectomía parcial laparoscópica previa embolización supraselectiva como tratamiento de angiomiolipomas renales gigantes.

OBJECTIVE: Cases of giant renal angiomyolipoma (>9cm) are a therapeutic challenge due to their low frequency and large size. The treatment objective for patients with renal angiomyolipoma should be complete tumour extirpation, with a nephron-sparing surgical technique, without complications and using a minimally invasive approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present 3 cases of giant angiomyolipoma (10 12 and 14cm) treated with a combined approach: superselective embolisation and subsequent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, in 3 separate hospitals. RESULTS: None of the cases required conversion to open surgery. One of the 3 patients underwent arterial clamping, and none of the patients had complications. CONCLUSIONS: The combined approach provides a procedure with the criteria of minimal invasiveness, nephron sparing, little bleeding and reduced warm ischaemia time.

Sildenafil improves immediate posttransplant parameters in warm-ischemic kidney transplants: experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in an experimental model the effects of the PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil on kidney grafts autotransplanted after a period of 45 minutes of warm ischemia and 60 minutes of hypothermic pump perfusion. METHODS: Nine laboratory large-white pigs were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 4): oral dose of 100 mg sildenafil was administered 1 hour before the surgery. Group B (n = 5): no sildenafil given. Right single nephrectomy was completed after a 45-minute period of warm ischemia by complete vascular clamping. Before the autotransplant, all kidneys were submitted to a 60-minute period of hypothermic pulsatile perfusion. Renal flow, arterial pressure, and renal vascular resistance were recorded in real time for 60 minutes after autotransplant. Nitric oxide levels were determined in blood samples of the renal vein at predefined intervals. Optical and electronic microscopy was performed on all organs at the end of the procedure. RESULTS: Renal vascular flow was significantly higher and renal vascular resistance significantly lower in the sildenafil group compared with the non-sildenafil group. No significant differences were observed in systemic arterial pressure values between both groups. Nitric oxide levels were significantly higher for all periods in the sildenafil group. No differences were observed in histological studies. CONCLUSION: Our experimental work suggested a positive effect of sildenafil on the immediate posttransplant outcome of warm-ischemic kidneys without systemic secondary effects.

[Efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens with Tadalafil in Spanish men with erectile dysfunction: results from the SURE study in 14 European countries]. / Eficacia y seguridad de Tadalafilo en dos regímenes de dosificación diferentes en pacientes españoles con disfunción eréctil: resultados procedentes del estudio SURE realizado en 14 países europeos.

OBJECTIVE: [corrected] To compare the efficacy and safety of tadalafil 20 mg administered 3 times/week (SCH) vs. on demand (OD) in a cohort of Spanish men with erectile dysfunction (ED), since Tadalafil period of responsiveness lasts up to 36 hours post-dosing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 418 Spanish patients participating in the European multicenter, crossover, open-label SURE clinical trial (comprising 4262 men) were randomly assigned to one of the treatment sequences: tadalafil 20 mg SCH for 5-6 weeks followed by tadalafil 20 mg OD for 5-6 weeks, or the inverse sequence. At completion, patients were asked to select the regimen they preferred to receive in an extension phase. RESULTS: In both regimens, tadalafil led to a similar improvement in erectile function compared to baseline. However, the SCH regimen showed statistically significant higher scores for several IIEF questions (i.e. sexual desire domain). Normal erectile function (IIEF EF domain score > or = 26) was achieved by 69.3% of patients on SCH and 64.3 % on OD, with a sexual intercourse success rate (SEP3) of 75.6% and 72.2% respectively (p<0.05). Nevertheless, more patients preferred to receive tadalafil OD for the extension phase (55.9% vs 44.1%, p<0.05). Tadalafil was well tolerated in both regimens. The most common TEAEs (> or = 5%) were headache, dyspepsia and back pain. There were no clinically significant differences in the incidence of TEAEs between regimens. CONCLUSIONS: Tadalafil 20 mg is efficacious and well tolerated for the treatment of ED, regardless the regimen of administration (OD or SCH). Patients can choose the pattern of administration that fits better with their expectations.

Eficacia y seguridad de Tadalafilo en dos regímenes de dosificación diferentes en pacientes españoles con disfunción eréctil: Resultados procedentes del estudio SURE realizado en 14 países europeos / Efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens with tadalafil in spanish men with erectile dysfunction: results from the sure study in 14 european countries

Fundamento y objetivo: Comparar eficacia y seguridad de tadalafilo 20 mg administrado 3 veces/semana ('pautado') vs. 'a demanda' en una cohorte de españoles con disfunción eréctil (DE) aprovechando que su efecto permanece hasta 36 horas postdosis. Material y método: Los 418 españoles participantes en el estudio europeo SURE (multicéntrico, cruzado y abierto en 4.262 pacientes), se distribuyeron aleatoriamente a una de las siguientes secuencias: tadalafilo 20 mg 'a demanda' (D) durante 5-6 semanas seguido de tadalafilo 20 mg pautado, 3 veces por semana (P) otras 5-6 semanas; o la inversa. Al finalizar los pacientes eligieron el régimen que preferían en una extensión del estudio. Resultados: Tadalafilo en ambos regímenes mejoró la función eréctil (FE) respecto a la basal. El régimen P obtuvo significativamente mejores puntuaciones que el D en ciertos dominios del cuestionario IIEF (p.ej. deseo sexual), y más pacientes (69,3% vs 64,3%, P5%) relacionados con el tratamiento fueron cefalea, dispepsia y dolor de espalda. No hubo diferencias significativas en la incidencia de los mismos. Conclusiones: Tadalafilo 20 mg es eficaz en el tratamiento de la DE en cualquiera de los regímenes de administración ('a demanda' ó 3 veces/semana) empleado, siendo bien tolerado. Los pacientes pueden escoger la pauta de administración mas adecuada

Objetive: To compare the efficacy and safety of tadalafil 20 mg administered 3 times/week (SCH) vs. on demand (OD) in a cohort of Spanish men with erectile dysfunction (ED), since Tadalafil period of responsiveness lasts up to 36 hours post-dosing. Material and methods: The 418 Spanish patients participating in the European multicenter, crossover, open-label SURE clinical trial (comprising 4262 men) were randomly assigned to one of the treatment sequences: tadalafil 20 mg SCH for 5-6 weeks followed by tadalafil 20 mg OD for 5-6 weeks, or the inverse sequence. At completion, patients were asked to select the regimen they preferred to receive in an extension phase. Results: In both regimens, tadalafil led to a similar improvement in erectile function compared to baseline. However, the SCH regimen showed statistically significant higher scores for several IIEF questions (i.e. sexual desire domain). Normal erectile function (IIEF EF domain score ≥26) was achieved by 69.3% of patients on SCH and 64.3 % on OD, with a sexual intercourse success rate (SEP3) of 75.6% and 72.2% respectively (p<0.05). Nevertheless, more patients preferred to receive tadalafil OD for the extension phase (55.9% vs 44.1%, p<0.05). Tadalafil was well tolerated in both regimens. The most common TEAEs (≥5%) were headache, dyspepsia and back pain. There were no clinically significant differences in the incidence of TEAEs between regimens. Conclusions: Tadalafil 20 mg is efficacious and well tolerated for the treatment of ED, regardless the regimen of administration (OD or SCH). Patients can choose the pattern of administration that fits better with their expectations

Iontoforesis transdérmica con dexametasona y verapamilo para la Enfermedad de La Peyronie / Transdermal iontophoresis with dexamethasone and verapamil for Peyronie´s disease

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la administración transdérmica iontoforética de verapamilo y dexametasona en pacientes con enfermedad de La Peyronie de menos de un año de evolución. Material y métodos: Tratamos a diez pacientes, dos veces a la semana durante seis semanas consecutivas, mediante un dispositivo Miniphysionizer©. Este sistema genera una corriente de 2 mA durante un ciclo de 20 min, que consigue la penetración transdérmica de la medicación. En cada sesión se administró dexametasona 8 mg y verapamilo 5 mg en un pequeño depósito autoadhesivo, pegado en la piel del pene, próximo a la placa de fibrosis. Para evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento, medimos la curvatura por el test de Kelami, y delimitamos el tamaño de la placa mediante ecografía peneana. Otros parámetros, como el dolor, la función eréctil y la capacidad para la penetración vaginal se objetivaron mediante un cuestionario. Vigilamos efectos secundarios durante el tratamiento. Resultados: No se evidenció mejoría en la desviación peneana en ninguno de los pacientes aunque tampoco hubo progresión de la misma. La consistencia de la placa de fibrosis disminuyó en 5 pacientes, llegando a no ser palpable en 2 de ellos. Se objetivó disminución del volumen medido por ecografía en 6. El dolor mejoró en 8 pacientes, llegando a desaparecer en 6 de ellos. Un paciente manifestó mejoría de la función eréctil al finalizar el tratamiento, mientras que 3 refirieron mejoría en su capacidad para la penetración y 2 que el tratamiento mejoró su vida sexual en general. No objetivamos efectos secundarios destacables, excepto un leve y transitorio eritema cutáneo en el lugar de colocación de los electrodos. Conclusión: La iontoforesis transdérmica es un tratamiento que parece eficaz para el control del dolor en los estadios iniciales de la enfermedad de La Peyronie. Su eficacia en la mejoría de la curvatura peneana parece limitada. Son necesarios ensayos clínicos controlados y tal vez revisión de sus indicaciones para conseguir efectos clínicos más relevantes (AU)

Objetives: To evaluate the effects of transdermal iontophoresis with verapamil and dexamethasone in patients with Peyronie´s disease of less than one year of evolution. Material and methods: We have treated ten patients twice a week during six consecutive weeks using iontophoresis with a Miniphysionizer© dispositive. This device generates a 2mA electric current during 20 min which triggers the transdermal penetration of medication. In every session dexamethasone 8 mg and verapamil 5mg were administered inside a small self-adhesive receptacle on the penile skin overlying the fibrosis plaque. To evaluate the efficacy, penile curvature was measured by Kelami´s test, while the plaque size was assessed by penile ultrasound. Other parameters like pain, erectile function and ability for vaginal intercourse were recorded using questionnaires. Safety parameters were also assessed during treatment. Results: No improvement or progression in penile curvature was evidenced in any of the patients. The hardness of the plaque was reduced in 5 patients, becoming impalpable in 2 of them. Decrease in plaque volume was observed by penile ultrasound in 6. Pain improved in 8 patients, disappearing in 6 of them. One patient recovered his erectile function at the end of the treatment; whereas 3 referred that their ability for intercourse enhanced while 2 reported that treatment improved their sexual life in general. We didn’t record any significantly side effects, except for a transitory and slight dermal redness on the site of electrode placement. Conclusions: Transdermal iontophoresis is an effective treatment for pain control in early stages of Peyronie´s disease. Efficacy in reducing penile curvature seems to be limited. Controlled clinical trials are needed, and perhaps reviewing indications in order to obtain more relevant clinical effects (AU)

[Parameters with possible influence in PSA adjusted for transition zone volume]. / Variables con posible capacidad modificadora del PSA ajustado al volumen de la zona transicional.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of age, digital rectal examination results and prostatic volume on PSA value adjusted to transition zone (PSA-TZ) in the detection of prostatic cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of 243 patients with serum PSA of 4 to 20 ng/ml who underwent biopsy because of prostatic cancer suspicion are analyzed. In this population, cancer was detected in 62 cases (24.8%). Total prostatic volume and transition zone volume were calculated by transrectal echography applying the ellipsoid formula. RESULTS: Applying lineal regresion analysis, it was found no correlation between age and PSA-TZ (Pearson coefficient 0.00). By dividing these patients among those with normal rectal examination (84%) and those with suspicious digital rectal examination (16%), cutoff values of PSA-TZ were found to be not different by ROC curves analysis for 95% sensitivity varying specificity only among 24 and 26% between these two groups of patients. Prostatic size (< or = or >40 cc) showed that, for obtaining the same 95% sensitivity in the detection of cancer, PSA-TZ value would require to be modified, being 0.17 in large prostates (> 40 cc) and 0.25 in small prostates (< or =40 cc). CONCLUSIONS: The utility of PSA-TZ as a potential predictor parameter of prostatic cancer did not need to be modified with respect to age or to data of digital rectal examination. However, for supporting sensivity of its best cutoff value, PSA-TZ would need to be modified with respect to total prostatic volume.

[Evaluation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) adjusted to transition zone in prostatic cancer detection]. / Evaluación del antígeno especifico prostático (PSA) ajustado al volumen de la zona transicional en la detección del cáncer de próstata.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if PSA adjusted to transition zone (PSA-TZ) can be considered as a predictor parameter of cancer with better specificity or not than PSA, PSA density (PSAD) or PSA free/total ratio. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of 706 patients with sextant prostatic biopsies are analyzed in prospective way because of prostatic cancer suspicion. Range of PSA was between 4 to 20 ng/ml. Determination of PSA-TZ was calculated by dividing the PSA value by the volume of the transition zone of the prostate applying the ellipsoid formula and comparison of obtained results in detection of cancer was performed by ROC curves analysis for each one of PSA-related parameters. RESULTS: Of the total group of patients, in 199 cases (28.2%) prostatic cancer was detected. Analysis by ROC curves demonstrated than PSA-TZ and PSAD were better predictors of cancer than PSA free/total ratio and PSA (p < 0.0001). The cutoff value of PSA-TZ of 0.18 ng/ml/cc was considered as the best, obtaining a 95% sensitivity and a 27% specificity. For this sensitivity, PSA, PSAD and PSA free/total ratio only obtained 5, 9 and 16% specificity respectively. Areas under curve (AUC) obtained for PSA, PSA free/total ratio, PSAD and PSA-TZ were 0.539, 0.612, 0.694 and 0.722 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PSA-TZ in the studied population was a parameter with better diagnostic specificity than PSA, PSAD and PSA free/total ratio for the same 95% sensitivity. This would justify its utility in clinical paractice reducing the number of unnecesary biopsies.

Variables con posible capacidad modificadora del PSA ajustado al volumen de la zona transicional / Parameters with possible influence in PSA adjusted for transition zone volume

Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de la edad, los hallazgos del tacto rectal y el volumen prostático sobre el valor del PSA ajustado a la zona transicional (PSA-ZT) en la detección de cáncer prostático. Material y métodos: Se analizan los datos recogidos en 243 pacientes biopsiados por sospecha de cáncer de próstata presentando un rango de PSA entre 4-20 ng/ml en los que se encontró presencia de cáncer en 62 casos (24.8%). El volumen prostático total y el correspondiente a la zona transicional fueron calculados mediante ecografía transrectal aplicando la fórmula del elipsoide. Resultados: Aplicando el análisis de regresión lineal no se encontró correlación entre la edad y el PSAZT (coeficiente de Pearson 0,00). Dividiendo a estos pacientes entre aquellos que tenían un tacto rectal normal (84%) y los que presentaban hallazgos sugestivos de neoplasia (16%), no se encontraron puntos de corte del PSA-ZT diferentes mediante el análisis de curvas ROC para obtener una sensibilidad del 95%, variando la especificidad entre ambos grupos sólo entre un 24 a 26% respectivamente. El tamaño prostático (menor o mayor de 40 cc) sí mostró que, para mantener una misma sensibilidad de 95% en la detección de cáncer, el valor del PSAZT debería haber sido modificado, siendo de 0,17 en las próstatas > 40 cc y de 0,25 en las de volumen menor o igual 40 cc. Conclusiones: El valor del PSA-ZT, utilizado como parámetro potencialmente predictor de cáncer prostático, no pareció modificarse con la edad ni necesitó ser modificado en base a los datos aportados por el tacto rectal. Para mantener la sensibilidad del punto de corte óptimo de esta prueba, éste debería ser modificado en base al volumen prostático total (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of age, digital rectal examination results and prostatic volume on PSA value adjusted to transition zone (PSA-TZ) in the detection of prostatic cancer. Material and methods: Data of 243 patients with serum PSA of 4 to 20 ng/ml who underwent biopsy because of prostatic cancer suspicion are analyzed. In this population, cancer was detected in 62 cases (24.8%). Total prostatic volume and transition zone volume were calculated by transrectal echography applying the ellipsoid formula. RESULTS: Applying lineal regresion analysis, it was found no correlation between age and PSA-TZ (Pearson coefficient 0,00). By dividing these patients among those with normal rectal examination (84%) and those with suspicious digital rectal examination (16%), cutoff values of PSA-TZ were found to be not different by ROC curves analysis for 95% sensitivity varying specificity only among 24 and 26% between these two groups of patients. Prostatic size (< or > 40 cc) showed that, for obtaining the same 95% sensitivity in the detection of cancer, PSA-TZ value would require to be modified, being 0.17 in large prostates (> 40 cc) and 0.25 in small prostates (> or = 40 cc). Conclusions: The utility of PSA-TZ as a potential predictor parameter of prostatic cancer did not need to be modified with respect to age or to data of digital rectal examination. However, for supporting sensivity of its best cutoff value, PSA-TZ would need to be modified with respect to total prostatic volume (AU)

Evaluación del antígeno especifico prostático (PSA) ajustado al volumen de la zona transicional en la detección del cáncer de próstata / Evaluation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) adjusted to transition zone in prostatic cancer detection

Objetivo: Establecer si el PSA ajustado al volumen de la zona transicional (PSA-ZT) se puede considerar como una variable predictora de cáncer con mejor especificidad o no que el PSA, el PSA densidad (PSAD) o el cociente PSA libre/total. Material y métodos: Se analizan de modo prospectivo los datos de 706 pacientes sometidos a biopsia prostática sextante ecodirigida por sospecha de cáncer prostático. El rango de PSA estudiado se situó entre 4-20 ng/ml. La determinación del PSA-ZT fue calculado dividiendo el valor del PSA entre el volumen de la zona transicional aplicando la fórmula del elipsoide y la comparación de resultados obtenidos en la detección de cáncer fue realizada mediante el análisis de curvas ROC para cada una de las variables PSA-relacionadas analizadas. Resultados: Del total de pacientes incluidos, en 199 casos (28,2%) se detectó cáncer prostático. El análisis mediante curvas ROC mostró que el PSA-ZT y el PSAD fueron mejores predictores de cáncer que el PSA libre/total y el PSA(p<0,0001). El punto de corte del PSA-ZT de 0,18 ng/ml/cc fue considerado como óptimo, logrando una sensibilidad del95% y una especificidad del 27%. Para esta misma sensibilidad, el PSA, el PSAD y el PSA libre/total sólo obtuvieron una especificidad del 5, 9 y 16% respectivamente. Las áreas bajo la curva obtenidas para el PSA, el cociente PSA libre/total, el PSAD y el PSA-ZT fueron 0,539, 0,612, 0,694 y 0,722 respectivamente. Conclusiones: El PSA-ZT en la muestra estudiada apareció como una variable con mejor especificidad diagnóstica que el PSA, el PSAD y el PSA libre/total para una misma sensibilidad del 95%, lo que podría justificar su utilización en la práctica clínica reduciendo el número de biopsias innecesarias realizadas (AU)

Objective: To investigate if PSA adjusted to transition zone (PSA-TZ) can be considered as a predictor parameter of cancer with better specificity or not than PSA, PSA density (PSAD) or PSA free/total ratio. Material and methods: Data of 706 patients with sextant prostatic biopsies are analyzed in prospective way because of prostatic cancer suspicion. Range of PSA was between 4 to 20 ng/ml. Determination of PSA-TZ was calculated by dividing the PSA value by the volume of the transition zone of the prostate applying the ellipsoid formula and comparison of obtained results in detection of cancer was performed by ROC curves analysis for each one of PSA-related parameters. Results: Of the total group of patients, in 199 cases (28.2%) prostatic cancer was detected. Analysis by ROC curves demonstrated than PSA-TZ and PSAD were better predictors of cancer than PSA free/total ratio and PSA (p<0.0001). The cutoff value of PSA-TZ of 0.18 ng/ml/cc was considered as the best, obtaining a 95% sensitivity and a 27% specificity. For this sensitivity, PSA, PSAD and PSA free/total ratio only obtained 5, 9 and 16% specificity respectively. Areas under curve (AUC) obtained for PSA, PSA free/total ratio, PSAD and PSA-TZ were 0.539, 0.612, 0.694 and 0.722 respectively. Conclusions: PSA-TZ in the studied population was a parameter with better diagnostic specificity than PSA, PSAD and PSA free/total ratio for the same 95% sensitivity. This would justify its utility in clinical paractice reducing the number of unnecesary biopsies (AU)

[Transdermal iontophoresis with dexamethasone and verapamil for Peyronie's disease]. / Iontoforesis transdérmica con dexametasona y verapamilo para la enfermedad de la Peyronie.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of transdermal iontophoresis with verapamil and dexamethasone in patients with Peyronie's disease of less than one year of evolution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have treated ten patients twice a week during six consecutive weeks using iontophoresis with a Miniphysionizer dispositive. This device generates a 2mA electric current during 20 min which triggers the transdermal penetration of medication. In every session dexamethasone 8 mg and verapamil 5mg were administered inside a small self-adhesive receptacle on the penile skin overlying the fibrosis plaque. To evaluate the efficacy, penile curvature was measured by Kelami's test, while the plaque size was assessed by penile ultrasound. Other parameters like pain, erectile function and ability for vaginal intercourse were recorded using questionnaires. Safety parameters were also assessed during treatment. RESULTS: No improvement or progression in penile curvature was evidenced in any of the patients. The hardness of the plaque was reduced in 5 patients, becoming impalpable in 2 of them. Decrease in plaque volume was observed by penile ultrasound in 6. Pain improved in 8 patients, disappearing in 6 of them. One patient recovered his erectile function at the end of the treatment; whereas 3 referred that their ability for intercourse enhanced while 2 reported that treatment improved their sexual life in general. We didn't record any significantly side effects, except for a transitory and slight dermal redness on the site of electrode placement. CONCLUSIONS: Transdermal iontophoresis is an effective treatment for pain control in early stages of Peyronie's disease. Efficacy in reducing penile curvature seems to be limited. Controlled clinical trials are needed, and perhaps reviewing indications in order to obtain more relevant clinical effects.

Orgasmo y su impacto en la calidad de vida después de prostatectomia radical / Orgasm sexual function after radical prostatectomy

INTRODUCCIÓN: El orgasmo es un fenómeno neurofisiológico, que produce contracción de la musculatura bulbo-cavernosa y que habitualmente coincide con la eyaculación. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la presencia de orgasmo y la calidad de este, en un grupo de nuestros pacientes intervenidos de prostatectomía radical, así como su impacto en la calidad de vida de los mismos. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Revisamos retrospectivamente los datos de 152 pacientes tratados mediante prostatectomía radical. Fueron intervenidos entre enero de 1999 y diciembre de 2001, con una media de edad de 64,4 (44-75) años y un periodo medio de seguimiento de 33 (21-45) meses. Cuarenta y dos pacientes (31,6%) mostraban disfunción eréctil (DE) previa a la cirugía. La investigación fue realizada mediante entrevista personal y la utilización de un cuestionario semi-estructurado. RESULTADOS: Ciento treinta y cuatro pacientes (96,4%) tratados mostraban disfunción eréctil post-operatoria, 91,6% de los pacientes tenían una pareja estable, 44,4% mantenían relaciones sexuales, 23,3% solo masturbación y 32,3% no tenían actividad sexual. Ochenta y cuatro pacientes (55,2%) no estaban interesados en recibir tratamiento y 25 (16,4%) referían disminución de la libido. En relación a la sensación orgásmica, 140 pacientes (92,1%) mantenían un sensación subjetiva normal, 4 (2,6%) esta era ausente y 8 (5,2%) mostraban una experiencia anómala o extraña. Además 24 pacientes (15,7%) tenían pérdidas de orina durante el orgasmo. CONCLUSIONES: Después de prostatectomía radical, la función orgásmica y la libido se mantienen en la mayoría de los pacientes a pesar del daño causado sobre los haces neurovasculares. Solo una minoría de los pacientes referían pérdidas de orina durante el orgasmo, como consecuencia del procedimiento quirúrgico

INTRODUCTION: Orgasm is a neurophysiological event, which produces bulbous cavernous muscle contraction that usually coincided with ejaculation. The aim of this study was to assess the orgasm’s presence and quality in patients treated with radical prostatectomy, as well as its impact on quality of life of these patients. METHOD: The medical records of 152 patients with radical prostatectomy were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were operated between january 1999 and december 01, with an average age of 64,4 (44-75) years and the follow-up period was 33 (21-45) months. 42 (31,6%) patients showed erectile dysfunction (ED) previous to surgery. The research was performed by a personal interview through a questionnaire. RESULTS: 134 patients (96,4%) treated showed post operative ED, 91,6% of patients had stable relationship and 44,4% have sexual intercourse, 23,3% masturbation only and 32,3% no sexual activity. 84 patients (55,2%) were not interested in receiving treatment and 25(16,4%) referred a reduced libido. Concerning to orgasm sensation, 140 patients (92,1%) preserved a subjectively normal orgasm, 4 (2,6%) referred lack of it and 8 (5,2%) a weakened or anomalous sensation. Furthermore 24 patients (15,7) had urine loss during orgasm. CONCLUSIONS: After radical prostatectomy, both the orgasmic function and libido were kept by the majority of patients despite the neuro vascular bundle damaged caused.Only a minority of patients having urine loss, as a consequence of surgical procedure

Resolución de un caso de priapismo arterial secundario a fístula arteriocavernosa bilateral mediante embolización selectiva con material reabsorbible / Resolution one case arterial priapism secondary to bilateral arteriocavernous fistula with selective embolization using reabsorbible material

El priapismo se define como la persistencia de erección no resultante del deseo sexual. Las nuevas clasificaciones distinguen entre priapismo veno-oclusivo, de bajo flujo o isquémico y priapismo arterial, de alto flujo o no isquémico. El trauma perineal o peneano son los responsables de la mayoría de los casos de priapismo arterial, creándose una fístula arteriocavernosa. El diagnóstico viene dado por la clínica, confirmándose a través de gasometría por punción de cuerpos cavernosos y la ecografía doppler color. La arteriografía con embolización selectiva, constituye un método terapéutico seguro y efectivo. Presentamos el caso de un priapismo arterial secundario a fístula arteriocavernosa bilateral, resuelto mediante la embolización selectiva con material reabsorbible

Priapism is defined as persistent erection without sexual stimulus. The new classifications make a distinction between venooclusive low flow priapism, isquemic and arterial high flow priapism, non isquemic. The perineal or penis trauma are responsible the most of cases arterial priapism, formation of an arteriocavernous fistula. The diagnosis is clinical, blood gas analysis and colour Doppler ultrasonography of the corpora cavernosa confirmed the diagnosis. The arteriography with selective embolization constitutes a safe and effective therapeutic method. We report one case of arterial priapism secondary to bilateral arteriocavernous fistula resolved with selective embolization using reabsorbible material

[Treatment with sildenafil of cold glands syndrome after inflatable penile prosthesis]. / Tratamiento con sildenafilo del síndrome de glande frío tras implante de prótesis hidráulica de pene.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of sildenafil on the response of glans penis during sexual intercourse in patients with penile prosthesis who show cold glans syndrome symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourteen patients who had undergone three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis implantation were evaluated. In spite of the normal functioning of the device all of them complained of a degree of dissatisfaction during SI due to a lack of engorgement in the glans penis. The patients were advised to have a dose of 100 mg VO sildenafil about 45 minutes before activating the PP and starting SI. All of them followed this scheme at least three times. They ticked questions 7, 8, 13 and 14 of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire with/without having had sildenafil. RESULTS: Twelve out of thirteen patients (85.7%) indicated a more pleasant SI on sildenafil. It was related to an increase in penile glans engorgement and sensitivity. The scores obtained in the IIEF questions showed a significant increase on taking sildenafil. The partners also talked of a more comfortable SI that they related to a less painful penetration. Sildenafil-related morbidity was not found. CONCLUSIONS: Sildenafil could be used to improve functional results of the penile prosthesis in those patients with CGS and seems to increase satisfaction during SI.

[Treatment with Doxazosin in 3347 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Impact on sexual function. The impros study]. / Tratamiento con Doxazosina en 3,347 pacientes con síntomas del tracto urinario inferior. Efecto sobre su función sexual. Estudio impros.

OBJECTIVES: An open, non-comparative, multicenter study was performed to ascertain the prevalence in Spain of erectile dysfunction (ED) associated to benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), with moderate to severe urinary symptoms, and to confirm the improvement or disappearance of ED in response to treatment with 4 mg/day of Doxazosin. METHODS: Out of the 3901 patients recruited 3545 took the medication and 3347 completed all the protocol visits. BPH patients were considered to have some degree of erectile dysfunction when they reported a difficulty for obtaining and/or maintaining an erection in the four weeks prior to their inclusion in the study (questions 3 and 4 of the International Index of Erectile Function). All the patients were treated with Doxazosin at increasing doses: from 1 mg/day up to 4 mg/day thereafter until 6 months of medication were completed. RESULTS: The mean number of patients showing erectile dysfunction was 69.1%, ranging from 48.3% in the 40-49 years age group to 76.3% in the group aged from 60 to 69 years. In most Spanish regions, the prevalence of ED ranged from 76.9% in Cantabria to 67.2% in Aragon. The mean number of patients in whom erectile dysfunction disappeared after treatment, with a 95% confidence interval, was 4.5%, ranging from 17.5% in the 40-49 age group to 1.1% in the over 70s. CONCLUSIONS: ED is a symptom very often associated to BPH, even in relatively young men. Doxazosin appears to have a beneficial effect in ED improvement, particularly in the younger patients.